Preguntas de educación cívica (historia y gobierno) del examen de naturalización

El examen de educación cívica para obtener la ciudadanía estadounidense es oral y el oficial de USCIS (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services) le preguntará diez de las cien preguntas que necesitará estudiar sobre la historia y el gobierno del país. Para aprobar, tendrá que contestar bien un mínimo de seis preguntas. Si tiene 65 años o más y es residente legal permanente de EE.UU. desde hace 20 años o más, solo tendrá que estudiar las preguntas marcadas con un asterisco (*). En los próximos suplementos educativos de La Voz de este año les presentamos las cien preguntas del examen con sus respectivas respuestas. En esta primera entrega, las doce primeras preguntas, sobre el gobierno estadounidense.

AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

A: Principles of American Democracy

1. What is the supreme law of the land?

▪ the Constitution

The United States government is created by the Constitution. All laws and everyone in the U.S. must follow the Constitution.

2. What does the Constitution do?

▪ sets up the government

▪ defines the government

▪ protects basic rights of Americans

The Constitution creates the federal government and says how it works. It also protects the basic rights of all Americans.

3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words?

▪ We the People

4. What is an amendment?

▪ a change (to the Constitution)

▪ an addition (to the Constitution)

5. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?

▪ the Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights lists individual rights and limits on the government.

6. What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?*

▪ speech

▪ religion

▪ assembly

▪ press

▪ petition the government

The First Amendment of the Bill of Rights protects a person’s right to freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press or the right of people to meet peacefully. It also gives people the right to petition the government to change laws or acts that are not fair.

7. How many amendments does the Constitution have?

▪ twenty-seven (27)

The Constitution currently has 27 amendments (10 called the Bill of Rights, and 17 others).

8. What did the Declaration of Independence do?

▪ announced our independence (from Great Britain)

▪ declared our independence (from Great Britain)

▪ said that the United States is free (from Great Britain)

9. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence?

▪ life

▪ liberty

▪ pursuit of happiness

The Declaration of Independence contains three rights: the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

10. What is freedom of religion?

▪ You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion.

The First Amendment protects citizens’ rights to hold any religious belief, or none at all.

11. What is the economic system in the United States?*

▪ capitalist economy.

▪ market economy.

Capitalism is the economic system of the United States. It is a market economy.

12. What is the “rule of law”?

▪ Everyone must follow the law.

▪ Leaders must obey the law.

▪ Government must obey the law.

▪ No one is above the law.

The rule of law means that everyone (all people and groups, as well as government officials) must follow the law and that everyone is equal under the government.

Vocabulario útil

above the law              [abóf de lo]                  por encima de la ley

amendment                  [améndment]               enmienda

announced                   [anáunsd]                    anunció

assembly                     [asémbli]                     reunión

basic                            [beisic]                        básico(s)

belief                           [bilíf]                           creencia

Bill of rights                [bil of raits]                 Carta de Derechos

call                               [col]                             llamar

change                         [chéinch]                     cambio

constitution                 [cónstituchon]             constitución

declared                       [diclérd]                      declaró

defines                         [difains]                       define

fair                               [fer]                             justo

follow                          [folou]                         seguir

freedom                       [frídom]                       libertad

leaders                         [líders]                        líderes

life                               [laif]                            vida

obey                            [obei]                           obedecer

peacefully                   [písfuly]                       pacíficamente

pursuit of happiness   [persút of jápines]       búsqueda de la felicidad

rights                           [ráits]                          derechos

rule of law                   [rul of lo]                     estado de derecho (ley y orden)

said                              [sed]                            dijo

self-goverment            [self góverment]          autodeterminación

sets up                        [séts ap]                      establece

speech                         [spích]                         expresión

supreme law                [suprím lo]                  ley suprema

twenty                        [tuénti]                         veinte

We the people             [güi de pípol]               Nosotros el Pueblo

words                          [guórds]                      palabras

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